IT Management Essay

Database management is an important aspect of any modern organization given the massive growth of data volumes as a result of regulations on data storage as well as the increase in transactions and communication channels. This paper presents issues arising form the task of managing information through its lifecycle; specifically for companies based on PeopleSoft, SAP, Siebel, CRM, Oracle E-business suite, supplier relationship management (SRM) or ERP applications which are increasingly being affected by expanding data volumes within them. The article brings into perspective, ILM; which seeks to optimize on data by employing processes, policies tools and practices essential in linking the information’s business value with the most cost effective and appropriate IT systems from its conception to the time its disposed. While the current processes of defining, managing and storing data lack emphasis on its management, ILM provides a solution for effectively managing organization data applications. It is imperative to emphasize on the now prevalent decline in business agility as a result of problems with data volumes so as to keep data management cost down by taking an enterprise approach in managing data as records. ILM supports this. The findings that 56 percent lack interest in implementing ILM strategies or that they do not know of any ILM efforts within their organizations is biased considering that the enterprise approach is a relatively new approach to organizational information management. It is the current data systems that have failed as they only allow firms to handle problems as they occur and not that firms are reactive or else undisciplined about their data challenges. The finding that most firms either do not know or allocate minimal ILM strategy budgets ought to have outlined a parallel study of efforts made in alternative data management approaches. ILM introduces a cohesive strategy for the management of information across the organization which is exactly what is needed in modern business environments. Although ILM is promising, the author ought to have compared the findings with firms’ preference for alternative systems or even priorities as well as its fit with the current technology levels. The study also does not highlight the relative costs of implementing ILM with respect to the firms’ profit margins while outlining the implementation levels for ILM. However, ILM is an important strategy for data that need to meet certain legal storage mandates although it does not assess relative cost maintaining such information as opposed to frequency of events requiring this information. While the author addresses the issues of difficulties in determining information’s life cycle, he does not address the limitations of legal determinants which could jeopardize the gains from ILM. Nolan, R. & McFarlan, W. (2005). Information Technology and the Board of Directors: Building an IT Governance Committee. Harvard Business Review, 83 (10),  In such a digital age as this, it is imperative that any organization invest in a strong governance committee on IT that can oversee the formulation and integration of IT policies into the company’s competitive advantage strategy. Warren McFarlan and Richard Nolan detail the basics of establishing and maintaining an IT governance committee. An IT governance committee is paramount in developing a custom framework on which an organization’s IT policies are founded thus enabling a firm to avoid applying other companies’ best strategies which may not fit into the modern nature business strategy. The authors elaborate on the three key approaches that are essential in guiding any company in building an effective IT governance committee: appointing the suitable personnel as well as their chairman; assessing how the committee would link to the audit committee; and the preparation of the committee’s charter. The first two are particularly more important. Independence is vital for any modern-day committee effectiveness just as the authors recommend the independence of the IT committee. Noting the importance of the importance of mentorship and expertise, McFarlan and Nolan emphasize on a chairman who’s either an IT professional (for strategic mode firms) or has past experience (for factory, turn around and support mode firms) in a successful IT-strategy based firm. In all cases, being IT-savvy, understanding an organization and its business needs as well as the systems architecture is paramount in addressing the bigger picture; technology’s potential to change the outlook of the business economy and this supports the characterization of the modern-day business leaders. In this regard, the authors emphasize on selecting a chairman or at least an IT professional who can successfully balance the short-term needs of the firm with its long-term IT investments. Since distraction by difficulties stifle IT integration, the importance of the committee and especially IT experts is addressed as they understand the important dynamics governing technological advancement both at the board and senior management level and thus can appropriately criticize all in-house entrenched thinking. The current scarcity of such experts explains the reason for the increase in number of IT consultants. The article addresses the current issues relating to accountability to the regulatory and economic objectives through alignment with the audit department. However, drastic changes characterizing the advancement in IT would necessitate a considerable number of the committee be composed of IT professionals rather the one or a few suggested by McFarlan and Nolan. Gary, S. , Alice, G. & Alexis, F. Risk Management Guide for Information Technology Systems. Recommendations of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 800-30. Gaithersburg, MD. Risk management has become an important aspect of the information technology management system. Gary, Alice and Alexis emphasize on the role of IT-risk management amidst the increasingly growing use of automated information systems aimed at protecting organization’s information assets from IT based risks. IT risk management is largely a management function as this IT guides confirms through focus on the companies mission rather than the IT experts only as the firm’s capacity to perform its mission is affected by these risks. The guide outlines the practical guidelines and the available cost-effective security systems essential in protecting the mission information which is an imperative in the modern world. This guide is literary applicable in every angle of every firm as it can be easily expanded or abbreviated to tailor it to fit specific organizational situations. Apart from enabling firms’ IT departments to be accountable for IT budgets, the guide is also helpful in guiding the accreditation of the IT systems. This guide is an important resource for a wide rage of IT users: the non-technical and technical staff as well as the experienced and the non-experienced ones. Therefore this guide does not only provide an overview of IT risk management but also evaluates how such a process would rhyme with the all the phases of the system development lifecycle (SLDC) as well as detailing the obligations of individuals who usually support and apply this process. In this regard, the guide provides a clear methodology for IT risk management as well as its relation to the system accreditation. This is made simpler by the provision of system-based information essential in defining the IT system as well as its operating environment. For such a process, it is important that supporting material such as the samples for the documentation of the results for risk assessment, as well as samples of a security implementation plan be addressed more keenly as they are essential in improving the effectiveness of the guide. It also focuses on modern-day needs such as enabling IT individuals to customize their IT systems to fit into effective control systems. The authors address the importance of assessing the knowledge gap within the organization as relates to process of implementing information technology management systems. Although not related to the topic at hand, the example on electric power and railroads does address the key idea of being aware of the knowledge gap in the appropriate way so as to make the most out of IT systems’ opportunities. While it may be true that IT technologies’ cost performance had changed to the magnitude of about 107 in at the time of this study, it is no guarantee that it is going to evolve at this same as the author suggests given the tremendous growth in technology and educational advancement. The authors focus on cost effectiveness and the ability to do things differently through the transformational opportunities offered by IT integration as with the examples of American Hospital Supply’s and American Airlines SABRE. In this regard, they emphasize on the knowledge about IT’s associated economics. Strategic implementation and management of IT networks in organizations has made organizations capable of extending their scope globally to take strategic advantage of IT integration. This is because the authors address specifically the fast changing pace of business operations with regards to assumptions and rules of business competition and this an important resource for modern-day senior management and CEOs who are charged with the responsibility of diversifying into intangible services that are information based. While its clear that technology is increasingly growing, it implies that the opportunities due to IT integration are bound to increase; it also implies that companies venturing into IT management can differentiate their services and cost and product features not only for sometime to come as the author puts it but for an indefinite time provided there is follow up. However, the author provides a two lenses approach that provides a holistic approach towards IT integration. However, the authors do not note the likely challenges that the highly dynamic and drastically changing IT infrastructure as driven by competition may cost. In this regard, the article emphasize on roles of CIO and CTO.

The individual, social, economic, legal or political factors

The war in Bosnia and the mines planted in some parts of Bosnia might also have impact on Ado current circumstances. In Bosnia during the war some mines were planted by people when they were running away from the war. This makes people to go only in areas where the mines have been cleared and to keep away from area the areas where the mines are still planted. (wikitravel 2008) This factor might be influencing Ado to move because of the danger associated with The landmines planted in some parts and the war in Bosnia.†¢ The wages given to Ado might also hinder his current circumstances. The wages might be too small to sustain his needs and the needs of his family, so by moving to Brisbane hotel in Australia he might get a better pay than what he is getting now. †¢ Ado might be interested in fulfilling his dream of working for the Brisbane Hotels given that they are one of the biggest five star hotels in the world, so that dream might be a driving force for him to move to Bris bane hotels.†¢ The â€Å"political temperature† in Australia (where Brisbane hotel are located) might be conducive compared to the one of Bosnia, this might also drive Ado to move away from Bosnia, because where the â€Å"political temperature† is cool business do thrive, hence the income of Ado is likely to increase because Brisbane hotel is located where the â€Å"political temperature† is cool, there is that strong belief that they are paying well compared to where Ado was previously working at in Bosnia.†¢ With war come insecurity, Ado might also be affected by the insecurity situation in Bosnia; this might make him to want to move away from Bosnia so that he can go to Brisbane hotels in Australia where the security is serene. †¢ Religion may also be a factor given that in Bosnia population Orthodox are 31%, Roman Catholic 15%, Protestant 4%, Muslim 44% while others are 6%, while in Australia over 70% are Christians, maybe Ado is a Christian a nd he doesn’t enjoying putting up in an area dominated by Muslims. 2.Strategies to use to help save Ado †¢ Ado will be helped in shipping his goods and other household items from Bosnia to Australia. †¢ I will enroll Ado for a cultural orientation program; this will benefit him because it will help him to make adjustment to the Australian culture. This will include habits of eating, eating joint, food eaten, understanding the local currency, his interaction with the other employees, among others. This will make Ado to familiarize himself with the culture and custom for the success of the Brisbane hotel.(Jossy. 1998) †¢ I will help him get a good school for his children. †¢ Ado, his family and his entire house hold will be insured just like other employees of Brisbane hotel, labor laws for foreigners working in Australia will have to be adhered with. †¢ Ado together with his family will be entitled to a return ticket to Bosnia once every year. †¢ I will take him through an orientation within the Brisbane hotel until he is familiar with the hotel operations †¢ I will show Ado some joints where Bosnians do meet.This will make him to be meeting his fellow Bosnians so as to make him not to fill home sick. †¢ I will take Ado for further induction training in management of hotels in Australia given that the way hotels in Bosnia operate might be slightly different from the way they operate Brisbane hotel in Australia. †¢ I will take Ado around the area so that he gets familiarizes him with the places around the hotel, this will make him not to get lost and probably he will fill at home while working for Brisbane hotel in Australia, which is far away from home.†¢ Ado will be entitled to a one month paid leave. †¢ I will also encourage him to enroll in English language classes so that he can know how to speak in English. 3. Productivity will be increased in the following ways: †¢ Given that Ado now knows English he will be communicating efficiently with the other staff, because he will be able to lead his junior efficiently. †¢ Productivity will also be increased because Ado will come with some new idea from restaurants in Bosnia which might not be in Brisbane in Australia.†¢ Productivity will be enhanced because the entire staff will be effective because of lack of communication barrier or cultural ignorance between Ado and the other people working for Brisbane Hotel. †¢ Productivity will also increase because Ado would have known Brisbane hotels environment well so he wont waste time looking up for places. †¢ Productivity will also increase because Ado will not be Home sick as such, because he will be meeting his fellow Bosnians in those places where I would have shown him. Lack of home sickness will make him concentrate fully at work.This will increase his productivity at Brisbane hotel. †¢ Ado will have familiarized himself with the culture and customs of the communities in which the hotel is situated this will make him fill part and parcel of the community, hence psychologically he will have settled. This will make him work efficiently hence increasing the production. †¢ Given that Ado will be given a month paid leave, it will give him the morale to work efficiently this will result in increase in productivity of Braisen Hotel in Australia.†¢ Given that Ado his insured he will have courage to work in odd places in order to keep the production going on efficiently. Reference Balderngen, l. (2002) new complete Executive manners. Gianneto, D. (2002) The Performance grid, Netscape press Himmelweit, S, . Simonetti, R. Trigg, A. , Microeconomics (2001) Cengage learning EMEA Window. C, employee in a new working environment, the journal of philosophy of Employees volume 12 page 21

Property and Liability Insurance Research Paper

Property and Liability Insurance - Research Paper Example When the risk event occurs and a claim is made, the insurance company has to cover the claim. The main objective of taking a property and liability insurance is to cover one’s own property from various risks including theft, fire, accident, electric circuitry damages, lighting, etc, but to also cover third parties such as employees, visitors, general public, etc (Economy Watch, 2010). PLI provides for 3 major duties from the insurance company, namely, duty to defend, duty to indemnify and duty to address a reasonable clear claim. The duty to defend arises when the insured party is sued and claims a liability from the insurance company. The insurance company when it receives a claim from the third party may either choose to defend the insured, seek a declaratory judgment of no coverage or choose either. The second duty the insurer has is to indemnify the insured to what the insurance company is liable. The third duty the insurance company has is to settle all the reasonable cla ims and often if the insurer fails to settle the amount for within the claim limit, the insured can take the insurance company to court and claim beyond the set amount. ... Employment liability (or workman’s compensation) is a form of insurance that should be mandatorily taken by all the businesses and is meant to protect the employer from all risk events that may occur to the employees whilst they perform their duties. Tenant’s liability – Tenants that stay in the insurer place are covered for abilities by the owner from risks that may be present in the rented place. General liability – Covers the business, the employee’s third parties, etc, from risks including the risk to business. Professional liability is a form of liability that is taken by a professional such as a physician, lawyer or dentist, and would cover to pay for damages to any third party that may have been caused whilst provision of professional services. The main intention of professional liability is to protect the professional from malpractice claims. Professionals need to take a higher level of care whilst providing their services. D & O Liability o r Directors and Officers liability is a form of insurance that aims to cover the actions of the directors and officers of a company. It can be used to limit the damage to the company that may be caused by the actions of the directors or the officers (Economy Watch 2010). Insurance Fraud is any act that is committed by one party in order to obtain insurance money from the insurer fraudulently. The extent of fraud may vary from one case to another and include, claiming larger than expected insurance damages, deliberately causing accident and damages with the intent of causing losses to the insurance company or increasing the premium that is offered to the insured (Total Criminal Defense, 2010). Today insurance

Law of contract Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Law of contract - Essay Example A contract ensures that each party sticks to his responsibilities, and delivers them as, and per the agreed terms, for the success of that business. In case of a breach of contract, one will have to be compensated through the various remedies that will be stated. This paper will cover various aspects of the law of contract. It will start by offering an appropriate advice to Anila, who owns a fleet of freight aircraft, and Yogesh, an aircraft customer, before proceeding to discuss the issue of frustration in contract law. Issue 1: Case Description, in line with Contract Law Anila is a business person, who owns a small freight of aircraft. Anila enters into a contract with Yogesh, but fails to deliver, which results into a breach of contract. Anila was supposed to provide Yogesh with aircrafts for 3 years. However, for the first few months, the aircrafts get grounded by several mechanical problems. The contract is breached, and Yogesh responds by terminating it. Yogesh gets into a cont ract with another company, which provides them with the services that they wanted. The market expands rapidly, and their customers increase over time. However, towards the end of the year, some aircrafts also get grounded, and Yogesh has no alternative but to go back to Anila. Anila gives Yogesh an offer of $ 40000, but Yogesh declines to the offer. Advice According in Line with the Law of Contract In advising Anila and Yogesh, I would first of all ensure that they understand what they had entered into. I would help them to understand they had entered into a contract, and that a contract has some elements that must be upheld for it to remain valid. In a contract, each party must ensure that they stick to their responsibilities as stated in the contract. Each of them should be concerned about the needs of the other party, since it is a mutual thing. They should ensure that all the elements of their contract are upheld, since a breach of contract may lead to a problem on both sides. I would start by defining to them a contract before taking them into the elements of a contract, so that next time they enter into such an agreement, they will be fully aware of whatever they are doing, and will avoid a repeat of such problems again. Contract Definition in relation to the Case of Anila and Yogesh A contract is a formal type of agreement that involves two or more people, who have an interest or relationship to the subject at hand3. Contracts cover many matters, in various fields, like sale of goods, lease of goods, real property, or employment terms4. The agreement between Anila and Yogesh was a lease agreement, since Anila was leasing freight aircrafts to Yogesh. All valid contracts have terms and conditions which make them valid5. These are the elements of a valid contract. They are as follows: Mutual Consent This is where the parties to a contract come up with an agreement of what the contract involves, and both of them agree to one thing6. For example, in a contra ct of sale, if the buyer thinks that he will sell a house, while the buyer expects to get a donkey, then the contract is unenforceable. Anila knew that she would lease her aircrafts to Yogesh, and Yogesh expected good aircrafts to be delivered that was a mutual consent between them. In that case, all of them

Buying and Merchandising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Buying and Merchandising - Essay Example People especially the young generations are becoming highly brand conscious and the marketers are using this factor of consumer behavior for the marketing planning which includes promotions and mainly the sales plan (VERDICT, 2006, p.4). Pricing and promotions are the two key are of marketing plan mainly for apparels and fashionable accessories of women as well as men. At earlier day’s top retailers in this market used to focus only on the female accessories and apparels as the trend women fashion industry was always high but now a days the demand for fashionable and braded men accessories like tie, wallet, belt etc are in growing trend. So, retailers are including men’s accessories in the women accessories stores. So, this report is all about the sales plan of men’s accessories in a women only accessories stores and the pricing of the men accessories from basic price range to premium (Evanchitzky, Vogel & Ahlert, 2007, p.15). Aims and Objectives The main aims an d objective of this business report is to develop an effective sales plan for the men’s essential accessories like tie, wallet and belt. ... Pricing objective is to develop a price range of these products considering the increasing personal disposable income of the younger generations and their follow of new trends. So these objectives of this business report will be satisfied if the gap or weakness of the sales strategies of the value retailers or the top brands are find out. Range Plans From the efficient market research it has been found that the accessories market in the United Kingdom has a steady growth and this growing trend of this market was due the earlier female fashion trend. But now the trend of using fashionable essential accessories of men’s can be found in this market and this gap or the weakness of the luxury brands. There is huge market size of the potential buyers who wants to keep their lifestyle with the new trend. But these are younger school and college going boys who only have the personal disposable income for buying these essential but fashionable products. So the price range for these pro ducts needs to be of a diverse like from basic range to standard price range not the premium range of products which the value retailers have already focused fort the professional men with high income level (Mintel. 2012, p.12). These men’s accessories will be added with the women products in high streets female only accessories shop. As there are many younger men comes to these high streets shops with their female friends and they are the potential customers. In the basic categories there needs to be three different sub categories based on the slightly price difference so that the consumers of basic products categories can satisfy with varieties of price along with the color variety. These

Economics of crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Economics of crime - Essay Example This can lead to more crimes. Soros, G. (2010). â€Å"Why I Support Legal Marijuana: We should invest in effective education rather than ineffective arrest and incarceration.† Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from: http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303467004575574450703567656 Svrakic, D.M. (2012). Legalization, Decriminalization & Medicinal Use of Cannabis: A Scientific and Public Health Perspective. Missouri Medicine 90 109:2. Retrieved from: http://www.msma.org/docs/communications/momed/Medicinal_Use_Cannabis.pdf Morris R.G., TenEyck M., Barnes J.C., Kovandzic TV (2014) The Effect of Medical Marijuana Laws on Crime: Evidence from State Panel Data, 1990-2006. PLoS ONE 9(3): e92816. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0092816. Retrieved from: http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0092816 d. Both qualitative and quantitative data would be required for conducting this particular research. Qualitative data will involve the views of the people towards this topical subject. Interviews can be conducted in order to obtain first hand information about the perceptions of different people pertaining to the use of marijuana in different circumstances. Secondary sources such as published literature including peer reviewed journals would be used for this particular task. Newspapers containing information related to the topic would also be used. Official data from different organizations and governmental departments related to this subject area would also be used for the purposes of conducting this research. Quantitative data can be obtained through the use of questionnaires in order to establish the number of the people who support the idea of legalizing marijuana and those against it. The number of selected participants will represent the whole population. e. The likely difficulties to be encountered in

Islamic midterm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Islamic midterm - Essay Example Today the building is a Cathedral. The Malwiya tower, which is the most distinguished feature in the mosque, was constructed entirely by brickwork. The use of brickwork is attributed to the Mesopotamian architects and artisans. It was constructed in the 9th century CE when the Islamic architecture was in its initial stages and was not established as it was in later centuries. The Mesopotamian architecture is evident in this monument because the early Muslims were from Arabia and the Arabs were not great architects or builders, you cannot find many notable pieces of architecture in Arabian peninsula before Islam or in the early days of Islam, this is the reason that the Arab Muslim conquerors relied solely on the Mesopotamian architecture while constructing the capital city of Samarra (which was later abandoned due to water shortage) and its monuments. Another feature of the tower Malwiya is the spiral ramp that recalls the ziggurats of Mesopotamia. The ziggurats also had the exposed staircases leading to the top of t he building and same is the case with the Malwiya tower of the Great Mosque of Samarra. The ziggurat were part of temple complexes i.e. places of worship of the Mesopotamians and same is the case with the mosque as it is the place of worship of the Muslims. So it is correct to say that the Mesopotamian architecture which was the native architecture of the building is evident in the architecture of the Great Mosque of Samarra however Islamic architecture is not missing altogether. The construction involved the styles of the local culture but the architecture as a whole is distinctively Islamic because primarily the structure and the plan of the building is strictly based on Islamic structure of a mosque. An Islamic mosque is essentially supposed to have a courtyard in the centre, it is not present in the centre of the building but it is there in the mosque. Also the minaret is

Enterprise Architecture Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Enterprise Architecture - Assignment Example n EA needs to be modified in order to react to opportunities in an agile way since EA ensure quick translation of strategic decision on both tactical and operational levels (EAI2N, Bernus, Doumeingts, Fox & IFIP World Computer Congress, 2010). EA frameworks offer a detailed description of the prevailing and future architecture and enable articulation of relations in discussion with executives, support staff and other EA stakeholders because each area in EA framework signifies a functional area within an enterprise (Bernard, 2012). In business, benefits of maintaining an EA include supporting the corporate governance through offering insight of the entire value chain and reflect reality of an acknowledged and organized extent (Land, 2009). Moreover, maintaining enterprise architecture offers an organization a competitive edge and shows the way the various components of the system fit together in effectively utilizing the enterprise systems and resources (Giachetti, 2010). The use of cloud computing in businesses is highly attractive because of its reduced operating costs, agility in service development and its ability to allow scalability. However, for an organization to achieve full functionality in cloud computing, enterprise applications need to be developed in a manner that is suitable for distributed environments using the correct EA (Raj, 2012). EAI2N 2010, Bernus, P., Doumeingts, G., Fox, M., & IFIP World Computer Congress. (2010).  Enterprise architecture, integration and interoperability: IFIP TC 5 International Conference, EAI2N 2010, held as part of WCC 2010, Brisbane, Australia, September 20-23, 2010 proceedings. Berlin:

Ryle on Monism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ryle on Monism - Essay Example The body has physical existence and consists of matter. Evidences adduced by Freud suggest that some of the thoughts of a person differ from the thoughts which he really acknowledges. However, the common understanding is that a person is aware of his own thoughts. Regarding others, a person can only make inferences from the observed behaviour of the other person. But Ryle argues that this common sense understanding based on Descartes’ theory is unsound and conflict with whole body of knowledge that we know about mind. According to Ryle, the source of such double life theory is because of category mistakes. It is like somebody asking where the university is after seeing, various departments, libraries and research facilities. The university is in fact just the way everything is organised. The same is the mistake when a child after witnessing the march past of batteries, squadrons, etc .asks when the division is going to appear. He must be explained that battalions, batteries an d squadrons constitute a division. Descartes regards human body as a complex organised unit and mind as just another complex unit. Like body, minds are also things. Mental processes are causes and effects. The mind governs the bodily engine although nothing is known of how it governs the bodily engine. Ryle points out that such explanation given by Decartes rests on a batch of category mistakes.

Corporate Finance Company Profile of PepsiCo Essay

Corporate Finance Company Profile of PepsiCo - Essay Example Pepsi is working on heightened regulatory and market scrutiny of corporate governance practices in order to communicate and represent the organization in a manner that pleases the shareholders, utilizing resources in a new and evolving compliance environment. Management should be eyeing the macro factors like Government’s policies, competition and tax rates where they operate a business because local, national or international jurisdictions and new or changing regulations might create hurdle in their way. Company’s strong point is that they have sharpened their focus on sales, service and customer orientation and are eagerly looking forward to improving its product and service quality. In order to retain its market share in every possible manner, the management is keen on maintaining the performance momentum and competitive advantage in the marketplace. There has been a positive increment in cash and cash equivalent in the year 2008 in comparison with the year 2007 and 2006. The sole reason behind this is the decrease in investment in the securities .Moreover, holding of the short-term borrowing makes an impression on cash and cash equivalents. Pepsi utilizes its reserve or liquid cash in a profitable manner because Pepsi makes an investment in securities, which in the end makes a profit for the company. The utilization of cash for investment purposes also shows in the current and quick ratio, and is a healthy sign for the company’s future prospect. In the year 2008 and 2007 no significant moment is observed in fixed assets of the Pepsi. Pepsi has applied proper inventory management techniques and policies. Due to the high demand of the company product, less percentage of inventories is in hand, and the inventory turnover is also evidence of proper inventory system adopted by the Pepsi throughout these three years (Myers, Bre aley and Marcus, 2001). Pepsi is primarily financing their activities through debt.

Rate of reaction Essay Example for Free

Rate of reaction Essay Evaluation: I think that overall, our experiments/investigation was successful except for minor things such as the occasional odd results. On the first graph, these can be identified as when the lines representing 1. 25 and 1. 5 molar kept on crossing over each other. They were very similar. In theory, all the lines should be apart because the rate of reaction should be increasing every time. Another odd result is that on the second graph, the point which represents 1 molar is no where near the line of best fit. All points should either lie on the line or be pretty close to it. I believe that we got these odd results because our human errors. We may not have collected all the gas produced. Or the gas could have been caught in the collecting tube and this may have resulted in the long time needed for the reaction. I believe that the method provided with us has a few faults that I would like to point out. Firstly, when the magnesium piece is dropped first, then the acid poured, time is taken for the all the acid to drop but as soon as the first drop touches the magnesium it will react. This means that hydrogen gas would have been produced when pouring in the acid and lost through the open top. To change this, I would say in the method that the acid should be poured in to the test tube first then the magnesium piece, as the cork can be replaced without the metal touching the acid and no hydrogen gas would be lost. Secondly, gas can get trapped in the collecting tube as it faces down. When the first amount of gas is produced, it is followed by more which results in the gas pushing forward for more space because it cant be compressed. When the last amount of gas is produced, nothing is there to push it forward so it just floats around without reaching the measuring cylinder. I dont really have any improvements for the method but you could try to keep the measuring cylinder closer to the test tube and keep it at an elevated position. This way, more gas reaches it. We should have taken more care when handling the glass equipment as a measuring cylinder had been pushed over the ledge of the worktop and smashed when it had contact with the ground. Overall, the method was good but like everything else, it could be improved. It was generally a fair test but a few things may have altered the results, such as after a few of the first experiments, one of the windows was opened in the room and cold air rushed in. I dont if this had anything to do with the experiment but it could be something to think over when planning the next investigation. I feel that the measurements were easy to take measurements as we didnt miss a single reading. We could have repeated the experiment once more to be a little more accurate, the more results there are, the better it is after all. All the graphs showed a pattern to do with the concentration levels of the acids, the trends got higher for rate of reaction, the time decreased for stronger acids and less time was taken to. We kept the few odd results we got as it gave us something to talk about and think about in the future. I strongly believe that the results that we got, supported our conclusion as no matter whose results you saw, all showed the same trend and this proves that the results were reliable. Next time, I would use more concentrations of acids, so that we can be even more accurate and sure about the results. Further investigations you could think about could be changing the temperature of the experiment and investigate if it alters your experiments at all. You could also change the surface area of the metal such as having a block, or reacting it in a powder form. Catalysts could be added to the reaction to see if they show a major difference. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Patterns of Behaviour section.

Audience Misdirection in Magic Acts

Audience Misdirection in Magic Acts For hundreds of years, magicians have performed acts which are perceived to be impossible, causing the viewer to question how the act was performed. The viewer would generally know that act performed by the magician will use some sort of trickery or illusion, but still viewers are usually unable to detect the change when it occurs, even when the trick is in full view of the audience. Sometimes when a magician performs a magic trick, he uses misdirection to trick the audience. The magician would usually draw your attention elsewhere while the trick is being performed to stop the audience seeing how it is done (Kuhn, Amlani Rensink, 2008). Kuhn and Tatler (2005) recorded eye fixations of the audience as a magician was performing a magic trick developed especially to see the effect of misdirection on the audience. It was a relatively simple trick; lasting only 15 seconds, where the magician was to drop a lighter and cigarette into his lap without the audience seeing, causing the audience to think the items had magically disappeared. First the magician removes the cigarette from the packet and deliberately puts it in his mouth the wrong way round. He then pretends to light the cigarette, which enhances the audiences interest in the mouth/cigarette region. Both magician and the audience then realise the mistake, and the magician turns the cigarette around with his left hand while keeping his gaze fixed on his hand and cigarette. During this time the magician drops the lighter into his lap, which is in his right hand. He then causes attention to go to the disappearance of the lighter by attempting to light the cigarette. When he is unable to light the cigarette, he looks to his right hand, snaps his fingers and waves his hand; pulling the audiences attention to his right hand. While the audience are looking at the disappearance of the lighter in the right hand, the magician drops the cigarette from a height of around 15cm. He then turns his gaze to his left hand, and opens it to show that the cigarette is also disappeared. The magician uses gaze direction to disguise his actions while performing the trick (Tatler Kuhn, 2007). Generally, people have an urge to follow the gaze of others, in particular when there is pointing or another similar gesture involved that pulls the viewers attention to a specific place. While dropping both the lighter and the cigarette from his hand, the magicians gaze is focussed in the opposite hand to which the trick is being performed. This causes the audiences attention to also be focused on where the magician is looking, and makes them miss the lighter and cigarette being dropped. The dropping of the lighter was not very visible and could very easily be missed; however the dropping of the cigarette was done in full view of the audience, from about 15cm above the table top, but this action is also not usually detected, usually due to gaze misdirection. This shows that the magician successfully misdirected the audiences overt and covert attention at the correct time during the trick, right when the disappearance occurs. Surprisingly, when the audience were told that the magician was going to misdirect them while performing the trick, most people are still unable to stop themselves looking where the magician was looking and therefore miss detecting how the disappearance was performed. When in close interaction people tend to look at each other a lot in an conversation setting, the average time people tend to look at each other is 75% of the time when listening, and 40% of the time when talking (Land Tatler, 2009). As the audience are viewing the magic trick, their attention is focussed on the magician who is performing the trick, and so have an urge to follow his gaze in whichever direction he is looking. The sharing of attention is a strong social cue, whereby people appear to look in the direction they see others looking. When an event or fully visible item is not noticed by the audience, it is often called intentional blindness (Kuhn Tatler, 2010). By the magician drawing the attention of the audience to his hand by snapping and waving it, he creates an area of high visual interest, which the audience are preoccupied with by processing those actions of the magician. Because of this, they fail to notice the event occurring in the opposite hand, which is an area of low visual interest to the audience. Kuhn and Tatler (2005) also considered visual factors which could cause the audience not to detect the change, such as blinking, and the distance of the fixations of the audience when the drop is taking place. However, these do not seem to influence whether the drop was detected or not by the audience. Blinking when the drop took place did not influence whether the audience detected the change or not. There was also not much difference in where the audience were looking and whether they detected the drop or not. When the magician dropped the cigarette, most viewers were looking at the magicians face, his right hand or the space in between. In the first trial only 2 people detected the drop and 18 participants did not detect the drop. What is interesting though, when the participants were shown the magician performing the trick again, all participants detected the cigarette being dropped. In the second viewing, most of the audience still look at the same place they were looking before; around the right hand and the magicians face, but this time, they are able to detect the drop. Only three participants looked where the cigarette was at the time of the dropping. This shows that the magician was successfully manipulating the audiences covert attention as well as overt attention in the first trial, but in the second viewing he was less successful at manipulating the audiences covert attention; allowing the audience to see how the trick was performed in the second viewing. There is also a difference in whether the disappearance of the cigarette and the lighter is detected by the audience depending on it being a live performance (when the trick is performed in front of the audience) or whether the audience watch the trick being performed on a screen. Kuhn, Tatler, Findlay and Cole (2008) found that the audience are more likely to detect the disappearance of the cigarette when watching the trick being performed on a screen, rather than in a live performance. This shows that the audience have a closer connection to the magician while performing the trick live, and are more susceptible to following the magicians social cues and misdirection to stop them uncovering how the disappearance occurs. However, even when viewing the trick being performed on a screen, the audience still look in the same area, so they do follow the gaze of the magician. The study found no difference in the fixation of the audience and whether the disappearance was detected or not, bu t they did find a connection in the time taken to go from one fixation to the other. People who detected the disappearance are simply faster at moving their eyes to the left hand from which the cigarette disappeared. It is interesting how the magician manages to avoid this detection of the trick, even though it is fully visible. He pulls the overt and covert attention of the audience away from where the trick is being conducted, simply by his gaze direction. Misdirection usually works as the magician creates an area of high visual interest were most of the audience look, and performs the disappearance in an area of low visual interest. Eye direction plays an important part in misdirection. In another experiment by Kuhn and Land (2006), a magician performs a disappearing ball trick. The magician throws a ball in the air three times while keeping his gaze on the movement of the ball. As the ball goes in the air, his eye gaze also goes in that direction. On the third throw however, the ball seems to disappear while in the air. There are two conditions in this trick; firstly the magicians gaze also goes up when the ball is thrown for the third time, and his gaze follows the movement which the ball is expected to take, and seems as though he is expecting the ball to come back down. In the second condition the magicians gaze is fixed on his hand for the third throw. This experiment shows that misdirection using eye gaze provides a huge impact on the results. 68% of the participants believed that the ball had left the screen in the air when the magician was looking upward on the third throw, but only 32% believed that the ball had disappeared in the air when the magicians gaze was fixed on his hand. This result shows that social cuing and gaze direction plays an important role in misdirection in magic. However, the eye movements of the participants showed that on the third throw, the area in which participants looked differed to where they looked for the first two throws. The eye fixations showed a pattern eye movements went from the magicians hand, to his face, to the air (where the ball would be) and then back down to his hand. This would be repeated again for the second throw, but for the third throw, when the ball disappeared, participants eye gaze was fixed around the area of the magicians face, or not far from his head. This fixation also occurred on those participants who were sure the ball had been thrown and had disappeared upwards. This shows that people perceived something had happened, even though they had not followed the gaze of the magician. This demonstrates that gaze direction matters and influences the audience to look where the magician looks. In conclusion, a magician misdirects his audience mainly through gaze direction. He looks in the opposite hand to which the disappearance is occurring, causing the gaze of the audience miss discovering how the trick had been performed. People generally follow the gaze of others,; look where they see someone else looking, and so the magician uses this strong social cue to influence his audience to also look where he looks. He creates an area of high visual interest for the viewer, by waving and snapping his hand, and performs the trick in an area of low visual interest to the viewer. By doing this he successfully misdirects the audiences attention, and performs the trick without anyone discovering how the cigarette disappeared.

Automatic Water Level Controller (AWLC)

Automatic Water Level Controller (AWLC) Automatic Water Level Controller (AWLC) will automatically START the pump set as soon as the water level falls below the predetermined level (usually kept half or 2/3rd tank) and shall SWITCH OFF the pump set as soon as tank is full or water level in the lower tank is at below minimum level. AWLC provides you the flexibility to decide for yourself the water levels for operations of pump set in upper/lower tanks. Built in Indications for showing Full, Empty Levels in Upper Tank and Lower Tank Empty Indication. MANUAL operation switch for special operations like watering the plants from pump set. The AWLC ensure no overflows or dry running of pump there by saves electricity and water. Low AC Voltage sensing circuit to avoid polarization of electrodes in water (requires very rare cleaning of electrode ends). Provided with special stainless steel conductive electrodes. Consume very little energy, ideal for continuous operation. Water Level Sensor This water level sensor is conducive for liquids that have a conductivity of equal to or more than 25m Siemens. It is your best choice for a water level switch. The system is economical to install as no special cable is required for signal transmission. The level probe and the evaluation unit can be connected using a long cable. The AC is provided on the probe for preventing electrode deterioration. You can choose from among a variety of level control and installation systems such as Two point sensors for independent switching and automatic control of pump. Four point switching with two pump control logic. Three point switching: two for pump control logic and one independent point with or without a settable delay (for probe covered or uncovered). A variety of probes is available for your specific process. Applications The SLW series water level switches work to maintain a constant water level avoiding material wastage in your process plant. Common applications also include switching pumps on and off to avoid overflow, dry running and indicating water level in an empty tank to avoid wear and tear and production stoppage. Many of our customers in the Food, Power, Chemicals, Sugar, Detergent, Steel, Minerals and Textile industry have used the SLW series water level indicator /sensor. Principle A low AC voltage is applied between the probe electrode and the tank wall (or reference electrode in case of insulated tank). When the water/liquid comes in contact with the electrode tip, a conductive path is established between the sense electrode and the tank wall/reference electrode. This current is sensed, amplified and made to operate a relay whose contacts in turn can be used for annunciation/control. Technical Data Evaluation Unit Housing : aluminium, Weather-proof enamel painted suitable for back panel/wall mounting. Cable Entries : 3 Nos. of  ½ BSP Mains : 110 or 230 Volts AC (-15 to + 10%) 50 Hz. Relay Output : 50Hz for non-inductive load. Power Consumption : 5 VA . Fail-Safe Mode : High or Low field selectable. Response Time : 0.5 secs Switching Delay : 0.5 to 20 seconds Maximum Sensitivity : 25m Siemens Operating mode : (A) Single point switching. Indication : Red LED for Alarm, Green LED for Normal. Operating Temp. : -20 º C to + 60 º C. Weight : ~2 Kg.

Windows 2000 :: Free Essay Writer

Windows 2000 Windows NT Workstation 5.0 is now called Windows 2000 Professional Windows NT Server 5.0 is now Windows 2000 Server Windows NT Server Enterprise Edition becomes Windows 2000 Advanced Server Plus there is a new offering: Windows 2000 Datacenter Server Windows 2000 Professional will be limited to support only two processors. Windows 2000 Server will be able to support up to four processors. Windows 2000 Advanced Server will support up to eight processors. And Windows 2000 Datacenter Server will support up to 32 processors and additional clustering functions. It is recommended to have at least 64 MB RAM and 700- 900MB of disc space for Professional and even more for the other packages. For multi-processor configurations, 128MB of memory should be considered minimum. Adobe had helped develop a new font called OpenType. That font builds Type 1 and TrueType capabilities into the OS. The new â€Å"Find† command will allow the user to search for available printers on the network. You can specify search criteria to locate all the color printers on the network and then narrow the search by say, the tabloid-size color printer nearest you. Then, with a right click, the systen installs the printer driver, downloads a color management device profile automatically and you’re ready to print. It also has been revamped to now display graphical previews of found graphic images. It also offers a number of Internet-savvy features, uncluding live web links and Net searching. It has a new color management system developed by Linotype-Hell to produce system wide color management that will also extend to Internet Explorer, so that on-line purchases will result in the color the customer expects. Quark a former Mac-only product is now being ported for Windows. The most obvious new feature of Windows 2000 is it’s so-called â€Å"intelligent menus†, which remember a user’s most-used selections. Thus, Windows 2000 learns to hide commands you don’t use often, although these hidden items can be seen by simply pausing at the Start Menu destination for a few seconds. There is a brand new Device Manager that, combined with its plug and play hardware detection and large list of supported hardware, makes it a huge improvement over NT in overall hardware compatibility. New hardware supported it Windows 2000: Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP), DVD, FireWire (IEEE 1394), USB Devices, Advanced Configurable Power Interface (ACPI), Multiple monitors, etc. â€Å"IntelliMirror† feature: the ability to automatically restore uninstalled drivers, deleted DLL’s, and other user settings, even if the user’s machine is replaced with a different one.

Time Management Essay -- Business Management Studies

Time Management The largest percentage of my time went into sleeping which isn’t a surprise, however tracking how I used my time made it obvious that further time management was needed to achieve my maximum potential. Such improvements would be to the undesirable categories: Structured and Un-structured leisure, a decrease by half the amount of hours used by these categories would assist my private studies and improve my overall academic performance. This should lead to a third of my time into travelling, eating, class contact, structured and un-structured leisure. And another third into private study and finally the last third into sleeping. Trying this new arrangement of time keeping provided to be a positive outcome in my day to day activities as it provided a strong backbone to my time management. In general, the hours used by the other categories are acceptable to maintain some balance and relaxation for the mind and body to sustain motivation and some social life. Overall reflection on personal strengths and weaknesses re time management based on evidence in my diary. The f...

El Nino: Past, Present, and Future Essay -- Natural Science essays

El Nino: Past, Present, and Future El Nino is both an atmospheric and oceanic phenomenon affecting weather patterns all around the world. It is complemented by La Nina in a cycle that occurs approximately every 4 years, varying as much as every two years to every six years (Wang 1999, 3331). La Nina has almost the opposite effect, however differs in its strength and duration randomly, as does El Nino (Fedorov 2000, 1998). The cycle is often paraphrased as ENSO, standing for El Nino-Southern Oscillation (Flugel 1997, 3230). It is called this because the El Nino phenomenon is especially strong in the Southern Hemisphere, and has greater effects in areas of the pacific near the equator. Although ENSO is prominent in certain areas, it alters weather patterns all around the world. The El Nino pattern can be quite random with and approximate range of 2 to 6 years per cycle, and is a loaded gun believed to be triggered by western winds (Fedorov 2000, 1997). Many scientists are now looking to the past for answers, so the El N ino cycle can be predicted for the years to come. New discoveries have recently been made on El Nino's history, and possible future. Recent El Nino's and La Nina's have shown that there is no effect of the strength and duration of one on the other (Fedorov 2000, 1998). The last one in 1997 was among the strongest, next to the 1982 El Nino (Fedorov 1997). Although the ENSO is relatively unpredictable, some scientists believe it to be dependent upon the intensity of trade winds and the depth of the thermocline (Fedorov 2000, 1997). A thermocline is the layer of water that rests between the upper and lower layer water that are categorized by the water temperature (Fedorov 2000, 1997). For example, off the coast of Peru... ... could argue that these alterations from the normal ENSO cycle could be due to global warming. Right now more research is being conducted, which would be necessary to prove this theory. Only time can tell us whether we will need to beware of El Nino's wrath in the future or whether El Nino will be tapering out. Works Cited Fedorov, Alexey V. and S. George Philander. "Is El Nino Changing?". Science: vol. 288, June 16, 2000, pp. 1997-2001. Flugel, Moritz and Ping Chang. "Does the Predictability of ENSO Depend on the Seasonal Cycle?". Journal of Atmospheric Sciences: vol. 55, No. 21, pp. 3230-3243. Kerr, Richard A. "El Nino Grew Strong As Cultures Were Born". Science: vol. 283, Jan 22, 1999, pp. 467-468. Wang, Risheng and Bin Wang. "Phase Space Representation and Characteristics of El Nino-La Nina". Journal of Atmospheric Sciences: vol. 57, No. 19, pp. 3315-3333.

About a Boy film review

Will Freeman (Hugh Grant; – Bridget Jones's Diary) is enjoying his rich, meaningless life, living off of his dad's Christmas song as a bachelor who lives in London. He is a lazy, self-centred man who thinks about no-one but himself. Will is a player; he joins a single parent group called SPAT (Single Parents Alone Together). He goes to these meetings and ends up going on a date. She has to bring her best friend's son called Marcus Brewer (Nicholas Hoult). When they get back to Marcus's house they find Marcus's mother; Fiona (Toni Collete), unconscious on a sofa after a suicide attempt. Fiona recovers and Marcus realises two people is not enough. Marcus calls up Will and arranges them to go to dinner. Marcus starts to follow Will and finds out his doesn't have a child. Marcus starts coming to Wills; watching television and they become friends. Marcus and Fiona spend Christmas and New Year's with Will. At the SPAT group Will meets another woman called Rachel. She believes Marcus is Will's son and he plays along. He then realises where he went wrong and he tells her and he realises what he is. Fiona starts to cry before Marcus goes to school and he worries for her, and before she had told him, his voice makes her happy. He decides to sing at a school concert to make her happy. The next part is for you to find out. Will invites some people around his flat for Christmas, and Rachel is there. This film was directed by Paul and Chris Weisz; they directed American Pie. About a Boy is quite similar to that film. Also it was written by Nick Hornby who also wrote the book High Fidelity. He has turned lots of books into films and has had his novel published in 1998: Fever Pitch. The music was written and performed by Badly Drawn Boy, Damon Gough, Nick Hornby asked him to provide music for the entire movie. Hornby believes his music had the power to enchant and change people. The main themes of this movie are; Growing up (changing), Consequences of suicide, Family & Friends (Love), Responsibilities, Relationships, Truth & Honesty and Single-parents. The scene that really stood in my mind is when Marcus commits social suicide where he sings ‘Killing Me Softly' for his Mum to make her happy. Will convinces Fiona to go and watch, and Will drives her up to the concert. Marcus had paid a boy in his school to play with him, but he wouldn't play so Marcus goes out on stage himself; Can Will Stop Marcus from singing? The audience claps Marcus onto the stage and then he starts to sing and they laugh at his face is shown by a close-up on him and zooms out changing from time to time. Will comes onstage playing a guitar and plays backup. When they finished Will carried on playing the guitar expressing his, weird but funny, feelings. Rachel notices Will is not just thinking about himself for a change. This compares with the theme of changing people as Will used to think about nobody but himself but now he thinks about helping Marcus. This gives the effect that people can change if they really try to. If you wanted to make the film better, I feel that you wouldn't have to change that much. The thing I would change is the music should be varied, as the same style of music and get repetitive. Most films do not always have the same genre of music in. Other than that, I do not have any other criticisms. This is a really brilliant film and I could watch it over and over again.

Surviving on a desert island

Surviving on a deserted tropical island Being stranded on a deserted tropical island is not ideal for most people, especially if you are alone. Although many people who end up in these situations get rescued, it is still important to know five essential tips to survive. Giving purpose to items often ignored and utilizing all available resources is vital. Water is an extremely important essential to surviving, water makes up more than two-thirds of our body weight and works in many different ways to maintain our bodys health, stabilize our metabolism, nd keeping digestion in order.A reason why the island you are stranded on is deserted might be because of the lack of fresh water. If you cannot find a stream nearby then look for coconuts, the milk inside is high in potassium and a variety of minerals. Although you cannot survive off of coconut milk, it will last you until the next rainfall. Collect as much rainwater as you can, because you never know when the next one will occur. Assum ing you cannot contact anyone from your cellphone because there is not a signal on the island, getting noticed is also extremely important. Building a fire that creates lots of smoke is recommended.Using dead and dry palm leaves creates a thicker more noticeable smoke. Collecting dry tinder from trees is helpful, especially hibiscus tree's, which are common on most Pacific islands. A fire is also important for cooking food, staying warm and keeping the insects away. As for food, fishing is an obvious go to. But remain cautious of the types of fish you eat. Stay away from fish with spikes or abnormal structures. Fish are a good source of omega-3 fatty acids, they reduce blood pressure; they are rich in protein, vitamin D, alcium and many minerals.If you have hunting skills you could also go hunting, there is likely to be boars on the island and a variety of other meaty animals. Building a shelter is vital; it needs to be done before dark. That way you do not have to go snooping throu gh a forest in the middle of the night in which you have no idea what lies ahead. Find a spot that provides protection from the wind, sunlight, and animals. Use shaped sticks for the frame and dead palm tree leaves for the roof. Search for a vine to tie together everything so it stays put.Put leaves in the inside of your hut to create a floor to rest on. Waiting patiently is very important. Keep yourself busy so you do not feel like you are going crazy. Go for a swim, work on building a safer shelter and explore the forest. You have plenty of time on your hands, so do as much as you can to make the time pass until you are rescued. References http://www. survivalskillstoday. com/Hot-Tip-How-to-Survive-on-a-Deserted-Island. html http://purpleslinky. com/humor/life/castaway-five-top-tips-to-survive-on-a-deserted- island/ surviving on a desert island By heavyflow

Assertiveness Paper

Assertive Paper When faced with a dilemma at work or at school the way you handle and voice your opinion is crucial in communicating your level of assertiveness. There is a proper way of being assertive rather than seeming aggressive. It takes practice in order to properly accomplish a comprehension of this technique. Becoming better at speaking your mind verbally and nonverbally will allow you to interact as a leader amongst your fellow workers and colleagues. I can be an assertive person when the time is right and the surroundings ask for a certain level of assertiveness to be needed.If I am with a group of people and I disagree with someone’s opinion or point of view of a certain issue I will allow myself to speak my mind without attacking what the other person said. The most important part of being assertive to me is not being aggressive towards others when expressing thoughts. An example would be during my senior year in high school when we were placed into groups and had to discuss our opinion on gay marriage. The conversations were at the most very educated until a person bluntly stated that they believed gay people should never get married because it was disgusting.Surely this person was entitled to their opinion but the was they phrased their response was in an aggressive manner towards anyone who believed otherwise. I responded right away without directly referring to that person with the word you rather than spoke my mind using the word I. My opinion was that people should be allowed to do what they think it is best for them no matter what others might think. If their decision is not affecting anyone else then they are entitled to their own actions and decisions as human beings.Once I said that the person became angry in a way but not because I disagreed with them but rather in the way I formed my response they could not say I was directly meaning it towards them. The verbal messages I tend to always give out when being assertive has to be for the most part to seem sure of what I am saying backing it up with support but at the same time not sounding like I am attacking anyone’s ideas or opinions. Beginning my words with I makes people feel less threatened and allows them to also have an opinion.When the situation requires me to give an order I will be serious and communicate what needs to be done. The nonverbal messages that I give off when being assertive is to maintain eye contact with the person. This is really important to me because it lets the other person know you are serious and expect what you are telling them to be understood and also taken into consideration. My body posture when doing so is standing upright without moving around or making a lot of hand movements.I try to keep a steady posture which allows the person to stay focused on my message. What I consider to be doing well while being assertive are speaking with a direct tone to the subject in matter while maintaining eye contact. When beginning my message the first word I tend to use is I in order to stay away from people believing they are being blamed or accused. I refrain from telling people your wrong or that is not the way to do something unless it is required of me to do so in certain situations.The way that works the best when communicating a solution to a problem or an approach is to have a sense with the person that what your are saying is a good way but leaving the window open for them to have an opinion as well. I would like to improve myself in the area of giving speeches in front of people to seem very confident. I am not a bad public speaker but I tend to get nervous when doing so for a long period of time. I have tried practicing in front of the mirror speaking and it works out great but it is not the same as actually being in front of many people.That’s what I need more practice in order to be looked at as very assertive when giving a speech. Assertiveness is a learned trait that we all must be aware of and practice in our everyday lives. This quality will help you all through out school and work. It will also better your relationship with friends and family. Being confident and believing in yourself is an important attribute that must go hand in hand with being assertive. Communicating with proper grammar and adjacent nonverbal cues will allow you to be taken serious and provide a level complete with the perfect balance of a great assertive person.

Essay Ine

A GRADE ESSAY SKILLS – â€Å"PEAE† BY TOM LAW Email:[email  protected] com. hk A GRADE ESSAY SKILLS- â€Å"PEAE† FOR HKDSE/HKAL BY TOM LAW A GRADE ESSAY SKILLS – â€Å"PEAE† BY TOM LAW Email:[email  protected] com. hk HKAL BAFS MARKS (25) NUMER OF POINTS MARKS (20) NUMER OF POINTS 8+8+9 3+3+3 8+12 3+4 10+15 4+4 20 7 12+13 4+4 25 8 A GRADE ESSAY SKILLS – â€Å"PEAE† BY TOM LAW Email:[email  protected] com. hk EXAMPLE 1 Nowadays franchising is a common way to go into a business. From the perspective of a franchisee, discuss the major benefits and drawbacks of operating a coffee shop under franchise. (25) , (25) EXAMPLE 2 Explain the major characteristics of an effective control system (10) (10) A GRADE ESSAY SKILLS – â€Å"PEAE† BY TOM LAW Email:[email  protected] com. hk EXAMPLE 3 Describe the different aspects to be considered in setting quality control standards for (i) companies in manufacturing industries a nd (ii) companies in service industries. (13) (i) (ii) (13) EXAMPLE 4 Illustrate with examples the measures that service business in Kong Kong might adopt to manage the quantity of (I) services demanded and (ii) services supplied. 12) , (i) (ii) (12) A GRADE ESSAY SKILLS – â€Å"PEAE† BY TOM LAW Email:[email  protected] com. hk EXAMPLE 5 A jewelry company is considering the use of financial incentives and job enrichment to enhance the job performance of its (I) sales people (ii) jewelry designers Evaluate the effectiveness of using financial incentives to enhance the job performance of these two types of employees (12) (I) (ii) ? (12) A GRADE ESSAY SKILLS – â€Å"PEAE† BY TOM LAW Email:[email  protected] com. k PEAE LIST/ ? P+E DISCUSS/ P+E+A ELABORATE/? ? P+E+A EXPLAIN/ P+E+A DESCRIBE/ P+E+A ILLUSTRATE WITH EXAMPLES/? P+E+A ANALYSE/ P+E+A+E EVALUATE/? ? P+E+A+E A GRADE ESSAY SKILLS – â€Å"PEAE† BY TOM LAW Email:[emai l  protected] com. hk PEAE Point Elaboration Application Evaluation A GRADE ESSAY SKILLS – â€Å"PEAE† BY TOM LAW Email:[email  protected]. com. hk PEAE P: E: + A: E: ( / ) A GRADE ESSAY SKILLS – â€Å"PEAE† BY TOM LAW Email:[email  protected] com. hk PEAE LIST/ ? P+E DISCUSS/ P+E+A ELABORATE/? ? P+E+A EXPLAIN/ P+E+A DESCRIBE/ P+E+A ILLUSTRATE WITH EXAMPLES/? P+E+A ANALYSE/ P+E+A+E EVALUATE/? ? P+E+A+E A GRADE ESSAY SKILLS – â€Å"PEAE† BY TOM LAW Email:[email  protected] com. hk EXAMPLE 5 A jewelry company is considering the use of financial incentives and job enrichment to enhance the job performance of its (I) sales people (ii) jewelry designers a) Evaluate the effectiveness of using financial incentives to enhance the job performance of these two types of employees (12) (I) (ii) a) (12) †¢ 12 marks= 4 points POINT More effective in enhancing the job performance of sales people / ELABORATION Sales performance is more measurable/ APPLICATION Higher sales figures imply better sales performance/ EVALUATION why not applicable to jewelry designers/ the idea of fashion, dignity or beauty is quite abstract and subjective. There are no standards or guidelines to tell exactly what it should be. A GRADE ESSAY SKILLS – â€Å"PEAE† BY TOM LAW Email:[email  protected] com. hk EXAMPLE 5 A jewelry company is considering the use of financial incentives and job enrichment to enhance the job performance of its (I) sales people (ii) jewelry designers a) Evaluate the effectiveness of using financial incentives to enhance the job performance of these two types of employees (12) (I) (ii) a) (12) The use of financial incentives are more effective in enhancing the job performance of sales people than jewelry designers.For sales people, sales performance is more measurable and therefore easier to link with financial incentives. For example, financial incentives can usually be performed by solely considering the sales figures. Higher sales figures imply better sales performance and financial incentives should be distributed to those who perform well. But for jewelry designers, the job of them is difficult to quantify and therefore difficult to link financial incentives with performance. For example, the idea of fashion, dignity or beauty is quite abstract and subjective. There are no standards or guidelines to tell exactly what should be.Even though the sales figure of the new design is optimistic, it may not be the result of the marvelous design but may be the hard work of salespersons. Numerical data can not fully show the value of work done by the designers. Thus, financial incentive is impractical. , , , , ?, ?, , , ,? , , SAMPLE ESSAY EMAIL: [email  protected] com. hk TOM LAW

The Impact Of Technology On Modern Warfare Research Proposal

The Impact Of Technology On Modern Warfare - Research Proposal Example In this respect, it will be critical to highlight the history of modern technology in modern warfare. After exploring the history of technology in warfare over time, transitions from one technology to another will be considered. Computer and the internet era, information technology, surveillance, intelligence, weapon accumulation, and fire volumes (Singer 77) will be explored in detail. Use of different sources will provide key insights in this section. Following massive technological developments, it is evident that modern warfare practices are more effective and efficient compared to both World War I and II (Chakrabarti 57). This section will consider current state of affairs as far warfare activities are concerned. Command and control of modern warfare is an intensive and extensive exercise. This exercise encompasses the use of computer, surveillance, information, target acquisition, and communication systems (Loo 91). For successful, effective, and efficient execution of contemporary warfare, it is critical to integrate these systems. This section will explore strategies, actions, and policies that aid in the integration of the aforementioned systems. The continued use of advanced technologies in warfare comes with a number of advantages. Primary advantages of technology in warfare include faster, quicker, and more destructive combat, nuclear weapons, employment of information war as opposed to physical combat, relieving soldiers of heavy load during combat, use of drones, communication anytime anywhere, and global communication and surveillance among others (Howorth 106). Amid the above-highlighted advantages of technology in modern warfare, critical technological vulnerabilities are evident. Privacy and security of software used by military and related agencies could be in jeopardy if massive caution and protection are not in place (Percy 83). Hacking and other forms of cybercrimes are also critical to the prospects of

Managing people Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Managing people - Essay Example Managers must establish an environment in which people can accomplish group goals with the least amount of time, money, materials, and personal dissatisfaction or in which they can achieve as much as possible of a desired goal with available resources (Lippitt, Peter, & Jack 1985). Increasingly important organizational changes occur whenever there is a need. For instance, when an organization revolutionizes its overall approach for success by inserting or removing important parts or needs to modify the core of its operations. It also takes place when an organization develops through different life cycles and for organizations to evolve, they frequently go through significant transformations at various stages in their development. There are numerous approaches in bringing change-some of the changes are planned, other can be structured and precise, while others may be more natural, unfolding and implied. Some perspectives work from the future to the present, others might start from the present to the future. Bringing change is one of the major issues faced by managers. In order to bring massive change, a manager has to renew his or her vast organization (Recardo 2000). Organization renewal frequently starts with an adjustment in the firm’s strategy, mission, and vision alongside strategic change. Strategic changes consistently sets off effects throughout the organization. Firstly, there can be cultural alterations in which the employees have to accept new corporate values-new philosophies of what employees’ vision as what they should or should not do. Moving quickly, accepting technology, and keeping lines of communication open are a few of the novel values the management needs employees to agree to. In case of expansion, the management has to start structural modification as well which is rearranging company’s departmental structure, harmonization, duration of control, reporting relationships, duties, and decision-making measures, as

Respond to the videos, at least 4 pages paper detailing your take Movie Review

Respond to the videos, at least 4 pages paper detailing your take awaysdouble-spaced, 12 point, Times New Roman - Movie Review Example To begin with, it is largely suggested that the United States companies were among the first to point out the necessity to pay attention towards Ethics as well as engage it into the business activities. In other words, it would not be a mistake to suggest that this awareness originated in the West. There was another term mentioned in the video – the insiders. Indeed, insider trading is one of the negative phenomena that are witnessed in the modern business world and poses a great example of unethical behavior. In addition to that, this is a problem that has been largely addressed by the American businesses. What is more important is that the notion of business ethics is often associated with different scandals that appear around it. Indeed, the majority of publications use as examples the situations when companies violated ethical rule. In other words, the public tends to learn about existence of business ethics primarily through news about scandals and not when a company is c arrying out a successful ethical policy. Finally, the message that is sent in the first video can be best explained by the actions of one of the characters. A well dressed man, who is undoubtedly a business man, was unable to provide a comprehensive definition of what business ethics is and preferred to threat the audience with a gun in stead of answering the question. In spite of the fact that this situation is somewhat exaggerated, it shows that some people in the business world find the concept of business ethics extremely inconvenient. The second video is titled Business Ethics in the 21st Century and it focuses on the role this concept plays in the contemporary times. From the very beginning the present argues that some people suggest that business ethics should be regarded as oxymoron which is a combination of world with contradicting meaning. However, if one takes

Mission, Vsionand Strategic Objectives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mission, Vsionand Strategic Objectives - Essay Example Vision statement is written immediately after an organization manages to write a mission statement. It provides a statement on what the company or the organization intends to achieve, wi9thin a given framework, or within a future period. Unlike the mission statement, the vision statement is always updated, depending on the strategic position of the company (Moseley, 2009). The vision statement normally provides a guideline on what the company intends to achieve within a given future, or a certain period of time. The vision statement is important, because it can act as motivators for the employees of a company, to work hard, and develop competitive strategies that can help the organization achieve its stated future ambitions or objectives (Zuckerman, 2012). Just like a mission statement, it is possible for a vision statement to be prepared at any level within an organization, i.e. at the managerial and departmental levels. Strategic objectives are long term decisions made by the company, for purposes of helping the organization to meet its mission and vision objectives. They are always explicit and broad, and the management of the organization believes that, it is nearly impossible to achieve its vision and mission, without these objectives (Moseley, 2009). The strategic objectives are always established at the corporate level, and at the sub-units of the organization. These objectives are always established after carrying out a research on the industry that an organization operates under, its competitors, and after the identification of the capabilities of the business organization. There are two very important concepts that should be recognized in the vision and mission statement of an organization offering health services. Under the mission statement, an organization must identify its purpose, and the kind of clients it seeks to serve (Zuckerman, 2012). For instance, the mission statement would denote that the organization aims at providing high

Film analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Film analysis - Essay Example People positioned in the front become more clearly seen than those at the back (Gernot 35). Lighting in the film is plentiful and majorly used to emphasize more on the comments the general gave to the soldiers in the line (Riviere 23). For instance, in the short clip, lighting in the front becomes brighter while as one moves towards the back, lighting on the faces of the soldiers becomes reduced. In addition to lighting, the soldiers are in the hall and viewers could be able to see it clearly (Gernot 44). In the film, all the soldiers wear the same costume, that is, the soldiers wear white tops while the general wears a green combat. The soldiers remain in a line, and their faces remain positioned straight ahead. In addition, they remain totally alert in the whole clip indicating obedience of power just like in the real army. Though the setting, of the film remains in a hall, but still the element of obedience by the soldiers any place they belong becomes depicted in the film (Gernot 66). In terms of sound, it is realistic. There is no music played in the back in order for the audience to concentrate more on the words the general speaks to the soldiers. In this case, the general congratulates the first soldier as being a genius. The purpose of no music in the film also brought out the element of soldier- general relationship pretty well (Riviere 23). The atmosphere brought about in the short clip remains to be tense. Often the interaction between the general and the soldiers always expected to be tense. Soldiers often become expected to obey all commands from the soldiers (Gernot 56). In a realistic manner, the clip became meant to bring such aspects of tension, and the obedience soldiers have for their general in detail. The soldiers remain the position in one straight line, none looking sideways, but straight ahead away from the camera. The camera becomes positioned in the film in one direction, in order to capture the line of soldiers. In addition, the camer a utilized lighting by ensuring the clip became a close up to concentrate more on the commentary of the general to the soldier, for example, the two general and the soldier in the front become well lit compared to those at the back (Gernot 76). Furthermore, the camera became set in a way to show the element of aspect ratio and dimension pretty well, that is, people in the front became shown in the clip as bigger compared to people at the back. Moreover, in terms of clarity, people at the front remained clearer than people positioned far away from the camera in order to bring the element of aspect ratio in the clip. In conclusion, the clip remained to convey the message it meant to convey is a professional manner. The audience eventually could get the meaning of the commentary from the general to the soldier and acknowledge the importance of setting. Works Cited Gernot Friedbacher, Henning Bubert. Surface and Thin Film Analysis: A Compendium of Principles, Instrumentation, and Applic ations. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2011. Riviere, J. C. Film analytical techniques. New York: Clarendon Press,

Dell, Inc. B2B Marketing - Derived Demand Essay

Dell, Inc. B2B Marketing - Derived Demand - Essay Example The final goal is to scrutinise Dell’s marketing channels and design channel strategy for a new market segment. The major findings reflect that: †¢ An increase in the derived demand directly leads to a rise in Dell’s production and this concept assists the company to reduce its operating costs. †¢ The company adopts geographical market segmentation approach †¢ Dell uses social media as its major marketing channel to interact with its corporate customers. Introduction Dell, Inc. is a US-based multinational computer technology corporation which was found by Michael Dell in 1984. The company deals in sales of computers and supports computer related products and services including computer peripherals, computer software, and IT consulting services. Currently, Dell is one of the world’s largest technological corporations and provides employment to over 103,300 people worldwide. Business acquisition is the major expansion strategy of the company and this approach has assisted the company to significantly improve its customer base over the last decade. Currently, the company is the world’s third largest PC maker and it is ranked 41 in the Fortune 500 list. The company also sells other manufacturers’ electronic products including HDTVs, MP3 players, cameras, and printers. Market analysts opine that innovations in e-commerce and supply chain management can be considered to be core strengths of the company. As we discussed in the previ ous assignment, Dell is a business to business organisation that provides B2B transactions called PremierConnect to its customers. This facility assists the organisation to deliver improved shopping experience to customers. Hardware infrastructure, outsourcing services and ERP are the major components that Dell needs to be supplied to make the company’s PremierConnect services effective. We have already discussed how Dell’s B2B strategies assisted the organisation to add value to its value creation process and sustainability. The concept of derived demand is of vital importance in B2B marketing. This paper will specifically evaluate how Dell estimates derived demand, evaluates business segmentation opportunities, and develops a new channel strategy aligned to one new business segment. Drivers of derived demand Derived demand and Dell’s production In the words of Hutt and Speh, the term derived demand indicates the relationship between â€Å"demand for an indust rial product and the demand for consumer products†. The authors add that â€Å"the demand for an industrial product is derived from the ultimate demand for consumer products† (Hutt and Speh, 2009, p.13). In simple words, an increase in the supply of a specific good or service in turn leads to a rise in the derived demand for production components or raw materials required for developing that product or service. Therefore, this situation would result in an increase in the price of associated components of production. Dell manufactures and distributes an array of computer related products to various retailers. Data indicates that Dell is a potential supplier to many fortune 100 companies (Business Affiliates). Hence, an increase in the supply of any of those companies would indirectly add value to the derived demand for Dell’s production components. Under such circumstances, Dell is forced to supply more production components to its retailers so as to enable them t o meet increasing customer needs. Hence, this situation causes to increase Dell’s total production volume. It must be noted that the level of derived demand generated is heavily dependent on the retailer’

Reasons for wanting to be assistant director trainee. Personal Essay

Reasons for wanting to be assistant director trainee. Personal accomplishment. organizational experience, hobbies and interests, - Essay Example 1-B. Your short and long term goals in the entertainment industry, 5 years, 10 years; Although my final goal is to become a director in the film industry, my short term goals in the industry include, but are not limited to becoming a noted 2nd assistant director in the next 5 years. In about 10 years time I see myself working as the 1st assistant director with notable actors and directors in Hollywood. 1-C. How Have you confronted and overcome adversity (hardship) in your academic and/or work life. I spent a total of six years working for an apparel manufacturing company. While employed with them, I dealt with telephone based customer service and creating the daily and monthly sales reports. Since I was expected to multitask on the job, I was often pressed for time in the completion of each activity. Sometimes a telephone call would come in while I was trying to balance the sheets, or my boss would ask me to do something that would take me away from the phone and books for a period o f time. This often resulted in half finished work on my part. Since I was never a person to work only partly on a task, I learned how to work accurately using only a short period of time in order to allow me precious seconds or minutes that could be devoted to my next activity. However, I decided that if that system were to work, I would need to prioritize the client calls on the phone because those could easily be managed when compared to the records that I had to keep track of within the company. 1-D. Experiences that illustrate that you have the potential to be a successful assistant director. My office experience in the field of apparel manufacturing has more than prepared me for the rigors of the life of an assistant director. I already have preexisting and finely honed managerial, administrative, communication, and facilitation skills that will aid me in performing my tasks as an assistant director. I am no stranger to working under extreme pressure and circumstances either. M y work ethic has always been that all tasks must be accomplished at the soonest possible time in an effort to aid the others whose tasks my actions have a direct effect on. 2. Personal Accomplishment Of all the achievements that I have had in my life, both in the office and my personal life, I would have to say that my sense of personal accomplishment comes from the fact that I am living the life that I know I was meant to lead and that all the actions I have taken are leading me towards the path that I have chosen. Some people would most likely talk about their awards and other accomplishments but I am not that kind of person. I do not get my sense of accomplishment from the approval of others but rather, I take my personal accomplishments from living what I feel to be a just and secure life that has not inflicted harm upon others. 3. Organizational Experience As one of the more senior people at the apparel company that I worked for, I was often tasked with organizing my co-workers for various promotional activities related to the company products. My role in the company was not limited to customer care or administrative work. Instead, I was expected to and accomplished work with various departments at the office because we share all our duties and responsibilities whenever necessary. My role in these promotional instances

States with Stricter gun laws don't have a dramatic difference in gun Term Paper

States with Stricter gun laws don't have a dramatic difference in gun violence crimes compared to States with less laws - Term Paper Example Statistics have it that in the year 2010, the murdering of more than 358 people were carried out using rifles. A total of 6,009 people were killed by the use of handguns and others 1939 people were murdered by firearm. It is rather absurd to note that states with the highest increased gun ownership have the largest rates of violent crimes. More than thirty one states have implemented such laws commonly referred to as â€Å"shall issue laws†. These laws permit the adults to handle concealed handguns on condition that they do not have a criminal record or a bad history of vital mental illness (Stephen, 2000). This goes beyond odds to disapprove common sense that implies when most people carry guns the crimes involving guns will be greatly reduced. This can be looked at from the perspective that criminals are given huge penalties because a higher arrest and conviction of criminals reduces the rate of crime. This has been considered to imply that someone committing a crime will se ek the help of another person who is in a position to help him or her. Surprisingly there is a high negative relationship between the number of law –abiding citizens who have permits and the number of crimes committed (Stephen, 2000). These occurrences are taken to imply that as more people get gun permits, the rate of crimes related to guns reduces greatly. It has also been observed that murder rates keep on reducing by 3 per cent , rape cases by 2 per cent and robberies by above 2 per cent for every year that handgun law has been in place (Dowlut, 2002). Violent crimes are believed to have reduced by concealed handgun mainly because they lower the occurrence of attempted crimes now that criminals are not sure which possible victims can safeguard them and also victims who poses guns can easily secure themselves at most times. Stricter laws are seen in Connecticut in terms of gun ownership than most states (Dowlut, 2002). Contrary Opinion Some recent studies by a pro-gun cont rol the San Francisco organization gives an opposite view with regards to the gun laws and the rates of crimes related to guns. The study has it that the firm restrictive laws as witnessed in California and Connecticut experience lower rates of gun-related killings while states with less restrictions on firearms have an increased rate. California was regarded as having the firmest laws on gun controls in the entire nation as per the Law Centre to Prevent Gun Violence which is behind the firearms regulation promotion. Connecticut comes fourth when it comes to states with the strongest gun laws and the impact was seen when it recorded the sixth -lowest gun deaths. States with less strict laws like Alaska, Louisiana and Montana recorded the highest number of deaths resulting from gunfire doubling the number witnessed in California. The federal Centres for Disease Control report had it that California experienced 7.88 gun deaths for every 100,000 residents in comparison with the 20.28 r ate in Alaska (Burton, 2010). Another research conducted by the University of Alabama at Birmingham on states in need

Over Representation of African American Students in the Special Education System. Essay Example for Free

Over Representation of African American Students in the Special Education System. Essay Introduction My current school has special education roster of 32 students in self contain with over 90% of the students being African-American. This paper will address the large number African-American students in the special education system. Attention will be focus on the social economic roles that play a part in placement. When done properly and in appropriate perspective, special education is beneficial for students with a real disability, but special education services are inappropriate when a student receives it when it is not needed. African-American students are being placed in the special education system at an alarming rate. They are being labeled with disabilities at ages as early as five years old, because they progress slower than the rest of the class, bias in assessment instrument, discrimination in society reflected in the school or they may present some behavior issue. Special education is appropriate placement for students with real disabilities, but minority blacks are being disproportionately place in special education. This unjust placement at early ages are causing these children to be stereotyped as slow learners causing low self esteem and low achievement rate during and after school. This is a major problem when addressing special education for African Americans. Many attempts have been made to solve the issues but there have been no satisfactory results. Theoretical Framework The disproportionate representation of African-Americans students in the special education system is well documented. This misrepresentation has been problematic since the inception of the special education program. This paper will probe the reasons many of these students have been categorized with various type of learning disabilities or emotional disturbances. These labels given to students have proven to be life altering to students given incorrect placement. Lawsuits have been filed charging that placements of high numbers of African American, especially male, in special education classes has been a tool for resisting court ordered desegregation (Harry and Anderson, 1992). In many instances there is a lack of or unwillingness to properly place African American students because of educators in some systems being culturally diverse. Secondly there is a lot of mistrust between educators and parents. Many parents don’t seek appropriate services or disagree with educational placement because they feel they will be see as ignorant or â€Å"talked down† to by teachers and administrators placing their children in special education. This paper will also discuss the long term effects that hinder students educational progress as well as there adult life. Once placed in many special education programs student may not be in line to receive a high school diploma. Many students have difficulties in the community getting jobs because employers feel they will be slower then there counterparts that received a regular education. This then snowballs into the child being placed in a lower social economic bracket because of the type of employment they will have to settle for in adulthood. African-American students are disproportionally placed in the special education system around the country. This misrepresentation is may be due to teacher ineffectiveness. Improving teachers’ capacity to provide culturally responsive instruction to African American students is like to improve student learning ability (Darling-Hammond, 2004). New teachers must meet a vigorous undergraduate program to become certified they continue to graduate enable to effectively teach African American students. Many exit program with a misconception of black students. They think that the African American students are not as smart as other races. The purpose of this study is to prove there is a misrepresentation of African American students in special education. I also plan to illustrate the problem of disproportionate representation of African American students in special education is not just a special education problem issue or concern but, instead, must be viewed in the context as it refers to racism in the whole educational system. I will discuss how racism contributes to and maintains disproportionality in special education by (a) insufficiently funding schools attended primarily by African American and poor children: (b) employing culturally inappropriate and unresponsive curriculum; (c) inadequately preparing educators to effectively teach African American learners and other students of color. I will show that to effectively address the problem of disproportionality, researchers, practitioners and  policymakers must place inequitable educational resource allocation, inappropriate curriculum and pedagogy and inadequate teacher preparation at the center of education research, policy, and practice. Significance of the Study There is much significance for this study. Being a special education teacher I have seen many students come to me because they were a behavioral problem during their elementary years. I believe it is our responsibility to find a solution to this growing problem. First, we as educators, we need to find out if this race of students are get misplaced in the educational system. These students not getting a proper education are causing a negative effect on their entire life. This causes this particular group to have to depend on state aid and weakens the workforce. Secondly, we need to find out if there is a problem with teacher preparedness. If this is a problem we need to figure out what can be done in state colleges and universities to solve these problems. Would adding a more ethically diverse curriculum better prepare teachers to educate African American students? The majority of the teachers coming out of college will be spending there first few years teaching intercity kids, with the majority being African Americans. Finally we need to educate or children to be reliable productive citizens. I feel that these children are not being given an equal shot at being productive if they are being thrown in the special education class in the back of the building. We already know there is a problem, now we need to work together to find a solution that will best benefit the students. Definition of Terms Disproportionate numbers: Having greater representation within a subgroup  compared to the number of students in the population as a whole. Some researchers use plus or minus 10% to determine proportionality (Harry Anderson, 1994). Discrimination The ability to make or perceive distinction; discernment. Partiality, or bias, in the treatment of a person or group, which is unfair, illegal, etc(Loren Orfield, 2002). It is my opinion that African American children are being placed in special Education because of biases unfair grouping. High Achieving: School-wide trajectory of API (if in California) and Annual Yearly Progress (AYP) growth over three years of all subgroups. There must also be a minimum movement of two deciles within 3-5 years. ] Special Education: Services and supports designed to minimize the impact of disability and maximize opportunity to grow and learn (Hehir, 2007). Limitation, Delimitation and Assumptions Limitations of Study The limitations of this study would be to find willing participates, because of the reasons I have discussed earlier parents will be willing to admit that their child was placed in special education because of a lack of knowledge on their part. Another limitation that will affect them outcome of this research is because I am directly employed in the parish that I have chosen to do research. This position will limit the effectiveness of my research because of student privacy and my position in the parish. It is also my opinion that school districts will not want to release information that could possible be used against them. As stated before I think students of color or being illegal classified as students with special needs and placed in special education. These are a few factors that could limit my study. Delimitations of the Study  External validity may be effected based on the number of student/parents being interviewed. Validate may be effected due to other minority races not being included in the study. Also the size and school locations may limit my ability to get adequate data to fully prove my hypothesis. The small sample population was feasible for my research rather then venturing out into larger areas. This is significant in that the findings may not be applicable to other schools. Assumptions of the Study References Artiles, A. J. (2003). Special education’s changing identity: Paradoxes and dilemmas in views of culture and space. Harvard Educational Review, 73, 164-202. Artiles, A. J. , Rueda, R. , Salazar, J. J. , Higareda, I. (2005). Within-group diversity in minority disproportionate representation: English language learners in urban school districts. Exceptional Children, 71, 283-300. Billingsley, B. (2004). Special education teachers’ retention and attrition: A critical analysis of the research literature. Remedial and Special Education, 25, 22-39. Blair, C. , Scott, K. G. (2002). Proportion of LD placements associated with low socio-economic status: Evidence for gradient. Journal of Special Education, 36, 14-22. Blanchett, W. J. , Mumford, V. , Beachum, F. (2005). Urban school failure and disproportionality in a post-Brown era. Remedial and Special Education, 26, 70-81. Chamberlain, S. P. (2005). Issues of overrepresentation and educational equity for culturally and linguistically diverse students. Intervention in School and Clinic, 41, 110-113. Countinho, M. J. , Oswald, D. P. , Best, A. M. (2002). The influence of sociodemographics and gender on the disproportionate identification of minority students as having learning disabilities. Remedial and Special Education, 23, 49-59. Coutinho, M. J. , Oswald, D. P. , Best, A. M. , Forness, S. R. (2002). 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